![]() Out of these about 64% came from China and among these products about 23% were clothing items which were contaminated with chromium 6.Īccording to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), chromium 6 is known to cause skin irritation or ulceration, nasal irritation and ulceration, asthma, nosebleed, respiratory irritation, eye irritation and damage, sinus cancer, ear perforation, liver damage, kidney damage, epigastric pain, pulmonary edema and teeth discoloration and damage. In 2015, the EU Commission for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality released a list of about 2300 unsafe products. This can lead to the entry of chromium 6 into the circulatory system. ![]() It can also increase the toxicity within the liver which leads to the liver’s inability to detoxify chromium 6. The toxicity of chromium 6 is also known to cause painful ulcers within the stomach and intestines. Ingestion of chromium 6 through drinking water is known to cause cancer in small intestines as well as the oral cavity through which we intake food and water. Further chronic inhalation while working on chromium related industries increases the risk of respiratory cancers. The harmful chromium 3 forms complexes with nucleic acids and proteins which results into strand breaks and is responsible to mutagenic damage. Inside the cells chromium 6 is first reduced to chromium 5 and eventually into chromium 3 without taking aid from any enzymes. What it does and Why is it Harmful?Ĭhromium 6 is known to enter cells through sulfate channels. These workers are known to be at an increased risk of developing health problems such as asthma, damaging their skin and developing lung cancer. This kind of exposure is known to occur in workers who work with stainless steel and also among those who deal with chromium coated products. In many occupations workers are at an increased risk of being exposed to Chromium 6. Inhaled chromium 6 is found to be carcinogenic to humans i.e. It is also used as an electroplated covering to provide a decorative or a protective coating for materials. ![]() Industrial uses of Chromium 6 include its use as a pigment in paints, inks, dyes and plastics. Chromium 6 is used in anti corrosion products, wood preservation, textile dyes and a variety of other things. It occurs naturally in the environment from erosion of chromium deposits. It is a tasteless and odorless metallic element which is found naturally in plants, rocks, soil, volcanic dust and animals. Based on these data, the chemical environment in the gastrointestinal tract and the blood is effective even under relative fasting conditions in reducing Cr(VI) to one or more forms of Cr(III).Chromium 6 or Hexavalent Chromium as it is scientifically known, is a chemical compound containing chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Therefore, it appears that the endogenous reducing agents within the upper gastrointestinal tract and the blood provide sufficient reducing potential to prevent any substantial systemic uptake of Cr(VI) following drinking-water exposures at 5-10 mg Cr(VI)/L. The lack of any clinical indications of toxicity in the volunteers and the patterns of blood uptake and urinary excretion of chromium are consistent with a predominant uptake of Cr(III) organic complexes that are excreted more slowly than inorganic forms of Cr(III). The interindividual differences in total chromium uptake and excretion are plausibly explained by ingestion of appreciable doses on an empty stomach, which likely results in the formation of well-absorbed Cr(III) organic complexes in gastrointestinal tissues and possibly the blood. Given that sustained elevations in RBC chromium levels provide a specific indication of chromium absorption in the hexavalent state, these data suggest that virtually all (> 99.7%) of the ingested Cr(VI) at 5 and 10 mg Cr(VI)/L was reduced to Cr(III) before entering the blood-stream. Studies of repeated exposure to smaller volumes ingested at a more gradual rate (i.e., 0.33 L over 5-15 min) showed similar urinary chromium excretion patterns but generally lower chromium uptake/excretion. However, 4-d total urinary chromium excretion and peak concentrations in urine and blood varied considerably among the 5 volunteers. In the bolus dose studies, a fairly consistent pattern of urinary chromium excretion was observed, with an average half life of about 39 h. Adult male volunteers ingested deionized water containing various concentrations of potassium chromate, and samples of urine, plasma, and red blood cells (RBCs) were collected and analyzed for total chromium throughout the studies. This study examines the magnitude of hexavalent chromium absorption, distribution, and excretion following oral exposure to 5 and 10 mg Cr(VI)/L in drinking water administered as a single bolus dose (0.5 L swallowed in 2 min) or for 3 d at a dosage of 1 L/d (3 doses of 0.33 L each day, at 6-h intervals).
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